Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Volume 1, 3rd Edition (Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants)
by: Ernest E. Ludwig

Description

This complete revision of Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Volume 1 builds upon Ernest E. Ludwig?s classic text to further enhance its use as a chemical engineering process design manual of methods and proven fundamentals. This new edition includes important supplemental mechanical and related data, nomographs and charts. Also included within are improved techniques and fundamental methodologies, to guide the engineer in designing process equipment and applying chemical processes to properly detailed equipment. All three volumes of Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants serve the practicing engineer by providing organized design procedures, details on the equipment suitable for application selection, and charts in readily usable form. Process engineers, designers, and operators will find more chemical petrochemical plant design data in: Volume 2, Third Edition, which covers distillation and packed towers as well as material on azeotropes and ideal/non-ideal systems. Volume 3, Third Edition, which covers heat transfer, refrigeration systems, compression surge drums, and mechanical drivers. A. Kayode Coker, is Chairman of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology department at Jubail Industrial College in Saudi Arabia. He?s both a chartered scientist and a chartered chemical engineer for more than 15 years. and an author of Fortran Programs for Chemical Process Design, Analysis and Simulation, Gulf Publishing Co., and Modeling of Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design, Butterworth-Heinemann.

Handbook of Evaporation Technology

Handbook of Evaporation Technology
By Paul E. Minton


Description

This excellent volume combines a great deal of data only previously available from many different sources into a single, informative volume. It presents evaporation technology as it exists today. Although evaporation is one of the oldest unit operations, it is also an area with dramatic changes in the last quarter century. Although other methods of separation are available, evaporation remains the best process for many applications. All factors must be evaluated in order to select the best evaporator type. This book will be extremely useful in evaluating and deciding which evaporation technology will meet a particular set of requirements.

Audience
Chemical and biochemical engineers throughout industry.

Contents
1. Introduction 2. Evaporation 3. What an Evaporator Does 4. Evaporator Elements 5. Liquid Characteristics Concentration Foaming Temperature Sensitivity Salting Scaling Fouling Corrosion Product Quality Other Fluid Properties 6. Improvements in Evaporators 7. Heat Transfer in Evaporators Modes of Heat Transfer Types of Heat Transfer Operations Physical Properties 8. Pressure Drop in Evaporators Flow Inside Tubes Flow Across the Tube Banks 9. Flow-Induced Vibration Mechanisms Vortex Shedding Turbulent Buffeting Fluid-Elastic Whirling Parallel Flow Eddy Formation Acoustic Vibration Recommendations Design Criteria Fixing Vibration Problems in the Field Proprietary Designs to Reduce Vibration 10. Natural Circulation Calandrias Operation Surging Flow Instabilities Internal Calandrias Feed Location Summary 11. Evaporator Types and Applications Jacketed Vessels Coils Horizontal Tube Evaporators Short Tube Vertical Evaporators Long Tube Vertical Evaporators Forced Circulation Evaporator Plate Evaporators Mechanically-Aided Evaporators Submerged Combustion Evaporators Flash Evaporators Special Evaporator Types 12. Fouling Cost of Fouling Classification of Fouling Net Rate of Fouling Sequential Events in Fouling Precipitation Fouling Particulate Fouling Chemical Reaction Fouling Corrosion Fouling Biofouling Solidification Fouling Fouling in Evaporation Design Considerations Fouling: Philosophy of Design 13. Evaporator Performance Venting Time/Temperature Relation Pressure Versus Vacuum Operation Energy Economy Steam Condensate Recovery 14. Vapor-Liquid Separation Entrainment Flash Tanks Wire Mesh Separators Vane Impingement Separators Centrifugal Separators Cyclones Other Separators Comparison Solids Deposition Falling Film Evaporators Flashing Splashing Foaming 15. Multiple-Effect Evaporators Forward Feed Backward Feed Mixed Feed Parallel Feed Staging Heat Recovery Systems Calculations Optimization 16. Heat Pumps Conventional Heat Pump Overhead Vapor Compression Calandria Liquid Flashing 17. Compression Evaporation 18. Thermal Compression Thermocompressor Operation Thermocompressor Characteristics Thermocompressor Types Estimating Data Control Application 19. Mechanical Vapor Compression Thermodynamics Factors Affecting Costs Compressor Selection Factors Influencing Design Drive Systems Centrifugal Compressor Characteristics System Characteristics Reliability Evaporator Design Application Summary Economics 20. Desalination Startup and Operability Complexity Maintenance Energy Efficiency Capital Cost Operating Temperature Materials of Construction Pretreatment Chemicals and Auxiliary Energy 21. Evaporator Accessories 22. Condensers Direct Contact Condensers Surface Condensers 23. Vacuum Producing Equipment Jet Ejectors Mechanical Pumps Vacuum System Reliability/Maintenance Multistage Combinations Sizing Information Estimating Energy Requirements Initial System Evacuation Control of Vacuum Systems Costs of Vacuum Systems Comparisons Energy Conservation 24. Condensate Removal Liquid Level Control Steam Traps Mechanical Traps Thermostatic Traps Thermodynamic Traps Steam Trap Specification Common Trap Problems Selection of Steam Traps Installation Effect of Carbon Dioxide Steam Trap Maintenance 25. Process Pumps General Types of Pump Designs Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) Cavitation Principles of Pumps and Pumping Systems Avoiding Common Errors 26. Process Piping Designing Drain Piping Compressible Fluids Two-Phase Flow Slurry Flow Piping Layout 27. Thermal Insulation 28. Pipeline and Equipment Heat Tracing 29. Process Vessels 30. Refrigeration Mechanical Refrigeration Steam Jet Refrigeration Absorption Refrigeration 31. Control Manual Control Evaporator Control Systems Control of Evaporators Auto-Select Control System Product Concentration Condenser Control Calandria Control Evaporator Base Sections and Accumulators Guidelines for Instruments Process Computers 32. Thermal Design Considerations Tube Size and Arrangement Extended Surfaces Shellside Impingement Protection Flow Distribution 33. Installation Venting Siphons in Cooling Water Piping U-Bend Exchangers Equipment Layout Piping 34. Design Practices for Maintenance Standard Practices Repair Features Chemical Cleaning Equipment Mechanical Cleaning Equipment Backwashing Air Injection 35. Mechanical Design Maximum Allowable Working Pressure and Temperature Upset Conditions Thermal Expansion Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints Double Tubesheets Inspection Techniques 36. Safety Common Errors Safety Relief 37. Materials of Construction Basic Questions Selection 38. Testing Evaporators Planning the Test Causes of Poor Performance 39. Troubleshooting Calandrias Condensers Vacuum Fails to Build No Vacuum in Steam Chest Vacuum Builds Slowly Foaming Inadequate Circulation Sudden Loss of Vacuum Vacuum Fluctuates Water Surge in Tail Pipe Barometric Condenser Flooding 40. Upgrading Existing Evaporators Areas for Upgrading Existing Evaporators Economic Effects of Improvements Guidelines for Upgrading Program 41. Energy Conservation 42. Specifying Evaporators Comparing Vendors' Offerings 43. New Technology 44. Nomenclature Greek Subscripts Bibliography Index

Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers

Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers, Third Edition (Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers)
by: Carl R. Branan


Description

This new edition of the most complete handbook for chemical and process engineers incorporates the latest information for engineers and practitioners who depend on it as a working tool. New material explores the recent trends and updates of gas treating and fractionator computer solutions analysis. Substantial additions to this edition include a new section on gasification that reflects the many new trends and techniques in the field and a treatment on compressible fluid flow. This convenient volume provides engineers with hundreds of common sense techniques, shortcuts, and calculations to quickly and accurately solve day-to-day design, operations, and equipment problems. Here, in a compact, easy-to-use format, are practical tips, handy formulas, correlations, curves, charts, tables, and shortcut methods that will save engineers valuable time and effort.

Audience
Chemical Engineers

Contents
Section One: Equipment Design 1. Fluid Flow 2. Heat Exchangers 3. Fractionators 4. Absorbers 5. Pumps 6. Compressors 7. Drivers 8. Separators/Accumulators 9. Boilers 10. Cooling Towers Section Two: Process Design 11. Refrigeration 12. Gasification (by Chris Higman) 13. Gas Treating (updated by Chris Higman) 14. Vacuum Systems 15. Pneumatic Conveying 16. Blending Section Three: Plant Design 17. Process Evaluation 18. Reliability 19. Metallurgy 20. Safety 21. Controls Section Four: Operations 22. Troubleshooting 23. Startup 24. Energy Conservation 25. Shortcut Methods for Decisions 26. Process Modelling Using Linear Programming 27. Properties 28. Approximate Conversion Factors Appendixes Appendix 1: Shortcut Equipment Design Methods – Overview Appendix 2: Geographic Information Systems Appendix 3: Archimedes? Method Goes Modern Appendix 4: Process Safety Management Appendix 5 Do-it-Yourself Shortcut Methods Appendix 6: Overview for Engineering Students Appendix 7: Guidelines for Equipment Decisions Appendix 8: Process Specification Sheets Index

Process Systems Analysis and Control

Process Systems Analysis And Control by: Donald R Coughanowr

Book Description:

A thorough revision of the best-selling text on Process Dynamics and Control, the new edition features inclusion of the use of the digital computer in problem solving. The volume also contains seventeen fundamentals chapters. New end-of-chapter problems and examples have been added. PC-based software by Tutsim Products is packaged with the solutions manual.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of Named Processes in Chemical Technology, Third Edition

Encyclopedic Dictionary of Named Processes in Chemical Technology, Third Edition By Alan E. Comyns

Book Description:

Covering a broad spectrum of chemical technology, from the gigantic Bessemer process for making steel to the microscopic Manasevit process for applying circuits to silicon chips, the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Named Processes in Chemical Technology, Third Edition includes all those processes that are known by special names regardless of origin or use. Extensively revised and expanded, this third edition incorporates named processes in current commercial use anywhere in the world, those piloted on a substantial scale, as well as important obsolete processes. Defining more than 3000 processes, 450 of which are new to this edition, this encyclopedic dictionary reflects recent trends in the global chemical industry away from petrochemicals and toward pollution prevention and waste disposal. It also includes processes newly revealed under the Freedom of Information Acts in the US and UK. Each entry is tailored to reflect the importance and topicality of the process providing key reference information, detailed explanation of how the process works, derivation of the name, historical background, date of introduction, patent information, worldwide usage, and end product. The dictionary features a foreward by the widely respected chemical technology historian Prof. Colin A. Russell, extensive cross references, bibliographical references, and an appendix that lists the chemicals and materials that are described in one or more of the processes. Gathering and defining a large portion of special named processes that may fall outside of standard chemical texts or be scattered among industry manuals, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Named Processes in Chemical Technology, Third Edition provides a single source reference to an extensive array of named processes